Lab+10

// 1.Write three paragraphs to define the term 'ergonomics'. (3 paragraphs) //

Ergonomics is the science of designing a safe work environment in the attempt to effectively reduce discomfort and avoid common work injuries. Ergonomics focuses on finding a fit between humans and their work environment by analyzing the design of the furniture in the workplace. For instance, examining the placement of a keyboard and mouse on an employee’s desk will allow designers to discern whether or not this placement will guarantee comfort (to prevent muscle cramping) as well as employee productivity. Another example would include examining the distance between the employee and the computer screen to evaluate whether the distance causes a tense neck or back.

Many suffer from sore necks or backs caused from the poor design of workplaces. Thus, new designs have been created to address these issues. Such designs include a keyboard equipped with a pad used to rest your wrists on while typing. Another example would include mouse pads with a similar design. Chairs are a major issue for a number of individuals as many people have a specific preference when it comes to the comfort of chairs. There are chairs with the necessary padding to prevent muscle cramping as well as height adjustments and reclining abilities.

// 2. What is the 'Gilbreth system of motion analysis' (1 paragraph) //

The Gilbreth system of motion analysis, developed by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, was derived from the study of bricklaying. Bricklaying caused discomfort for workers, as they were constantly required to stoop down and pick up bricks. This stooping produced back problems as well as extreme fatigue. Thus, Gilbreth examined the bricklayers and developed a new method of bricklaying – non-stooping platform scaffold.

// 3. How was Henry Ford influenced by the efficiency expert, Frederick Taylor? (2 paragraphs) //

Henry Ford is a notable American mechanical engineer who was influenced by Frederick Taylor’s “scientific management” where the production process was meticously analyzed to improve overall production output. Taylor essentially used a stopwatch to time workers and analyze their movements in terms of what proved to increase production output.

Ford used this idea and developed the assembly line in 1913, allowing manufactured goods to be transported to the worker, instead of vice versa. The assembly line abolished the need for skilled workers because Ford broke down the mobile production into several small steps. However, this method was quite repetitive as workers were constantly doing one specific step over and over again.

// 4. What are the four basic principles of McDonaldization? (List of 4) //

1. Efficiency 2. Calculability 3. Predictability